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Abdalla, A (2007) Meeting housing needs in Libya: towards a responsive owner-built housing with particular reference to Benghazi City, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Agha, R H M (2016) The role of intelligent systems in traditional courtyard houses in Baghdad, Iraq, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Andam, K A (1979) Computer aided design of precast concrete industrial buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Assadi, S O A (1997) An investigation of the records kept by supervisors on construction sites, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Beitelmal, J A (1999) Development of appropriate technology road condition monitoring system: Case study of the city of Benghazi in Libya, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Chen, Y (2008) Using mobile computing for construction site information management, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Chritamara, S (2017) An application of the real option framework to large infrastructure projects: evidence for Thailand's transportation system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Newcastle University Business School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Das, P K (2006) A sustainability impact-assessment tool for selected building technologies in rural India: the case of the Andhra Pradesh primary education project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Fieldson, R (2007) Towards a framework for sustainability in UK retail architecture, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Ghanbari Parsa, A R (1989) The interaction of planning policies and construction technologies in Iran with reference to China & Japan, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Town & Country Planning, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Grifa, M A (2006) The construction industry in Libya , with particular reference to operations in Tripoli, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Hatmoko, J U D (2008) The impact of supply chain management practice on construction project performance, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Lopane, F D (2022) Spatial optimisation for resilient infrastructure services, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Mahdjoubi, L M (2001) An investigation of computer generated architectural representations on design decisions taks, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Mashamba, M S (1997) The construction industry in Zambia: opportunities and constraints under the structural adjustment programme and the enabling shelter strategy, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
McGinty, L N (2020) Business model innovation for green urban infrastructure, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle Upon Tyne.
Muzir, A K K (2017) School buildings maintenance in Malaysia: Current practices, key challenges and implications, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Riano Cruz, J D (2022) Investigating formation of social capital benefits for value creation and strategy enhancement: the case of SMEs in the UK's construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Royapoor, M (2015) An investigation into the energy and control implications of adaptive comfort in a modern office building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Salagoor, J Y (1990) The influence of building regulations on urban dwelling in Jeddah, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Scott, S (1991) Project plans and record-keeping on construction sites in the United Kingdom, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Shaaban, S M (2004) A user-centric approach for the development and evaluation of a visual interface to online information in the construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Shar, B K (2002) Application of it to improve the design process in the construction sector of Pakistan: A case of the specification management process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Stoyell, J L (2004) Eco-design decision-making: towards sustainable engineering design of large made-to-order products, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Sun, M (1993) Technology transfer, architectural design and integrated building design systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Tangtinthai, N (2016) Extraction, use and disposal of construction materials in Great Britain and Thailand, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
- Type: Thesis
- Keywords: competitiveness; components; concrete manufacture; export; government; land use; manufacturing; natural resources; performance; policy; population; recycling; regulation; renovation; residential; reuse; standards; taxation; waste management; contractor; e
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/3411
- Abstract:
Construction growth has become a causal factor in economic competitiveness with rapid urbanisation. Consequently upstream businesses, such as cement and concrete manufacture, also expand. Sustainability balances economic, environmental and societal issues and although this philosophy is well developed in the European Union (EU), there seems to be less practical awareness amongst the ten countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This thesis investigates and compares the flow of key mineral-based components of national construction materials (cement, aggregates and concrete) from extraction to disposal in two case studies: Great Britain (EU) and Thailand (ASEAN), from the perspective of sustainable resource and waste management. The study considers material needs and wastes arising associated with future and expected demolition of residential accommodation, measured as national floor area including future concrete demand and concrete waste from national housing, as concrete is mostly used in the Thai residential sector. To compare the difference between the two national and continental strategies in more depth, it also identifies and evaluates policies and taxations influenced by EU regulation that enable Great Britain to achieve the highest rates of recycled aggregates (29%) and the 70% reuse and recycling rate of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste). Then, options for Thai policy integrally relating to construction materials and waste are developed using lessons learned from the EU and Great Britain. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is used to combine results from both national cement and concrete industries, together with primary and recycled aggregates from the aggregate market made for annual concrete manufacturing in Great Britain, and primary aggregates only for Thailand. Government and manufacturing data for 2012 were used for calculating national cement production by chemical calcination. Then, all MFA outcomes (cement production, virgin and recyled aggregates including waste and emissions) of each nation are presented using Sankey diagrams. This research also considers national estimates of future and prospective demolition of floor area including future concrete demand and waste in the residential sector using Stock Dynamic Analysis (SDA) with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to indicate demand. Great Britain with its 61.9 million and Thailand with 64.5 million inhabitants had quite similar populations in 2012. MFA results show that more than 30% of Thai cement and clinker were exported as cementitious products to ASEAN trading countries, in particular, which is double the annual amount of domestic cement used for concrete manufacturing in the whole of Great iii Britain. Moreover, the results also show that Thailand used six times more indigenous minerals for cement manufacturing and exporting than Great Britain. The 2012 Thai concrete stock is approximately 3.8 times (256.14 million tonnes: Mt) greater than Great Britain (67.73 Mt). For aggregates used for concrete production, Great Britain uses both primary (48.04 Mt) and recycled aggregates (5 Mt) while Thailand consumes only primary aggregates (214.66 Mt). The results of SDA show that Thailand uses a large amount of concrete for the housing sector presently due to a shorter lifetime of housing compared to Great Britain. Using 50 years of Thai housing lifespan to compare with Great Britain scenarios, concrete waste generation in Thailand will peak mostly around 2050. This period will produce a similar amount of concrete waste to a scenario of 100 years lifespan in Great Britain (2100). In addition to longer lifetime of housing, an increase in renovation activities and higher quality of housing construction like Great Britain can extend the time of demolition activities and can delay the problem of concrete waste that needs to be disposed of properly in Thailand. Thailand has no strategy for encouraging recycling of construction materials, with no registered data and no integrated sustainability policy. In the foreseeable future, Thailand may experience problems such as rapidly depleted resources and improper C&D waste management. In contrast, Great Britain has experience in managing C&D waste (particularly concrete waste) as well as conservative consumption of natural resources, involving environmental taxes with cement and associated natural resources used only within the country. Contractors are also encouraged to use recycled aggregates for construction activities, including producing new concrete following a standard from the British Standards Institute (BSI, BS EN 12620:2013 Aggregates for Concrete), with other supporting organisations such as the Mineral Products Association (MPA) and Waste Resource Action Programme (WRAP). However, with the above strategies, Great Britain still has not achieved the anticipated target of recycled aggregate use. Shortly, the ASEAN countries will form the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aiming to achieve a single market and production base. Therefore, there is an opportunity to report on cement and other material requirements and wastes in construction, including comparing awareness and performance of natural resources and waste management practices of two main trading regions. Capitalising on the experiences from the Great Britain case study to cope with rapid economic growth and societal change, this thesis gives some valuable insights into the use of appropriate tools for policy-makers that consider the construction industry and its raw materials including its waste management systems for Thai national policy but also other ASEAN countries.
Tarhuni, S M (2013) An investigation into the management of knowledge in a historic building conservation organisation in Tripoli, Libya, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Wiguna, I P A (2005) The influence of risk on project performance in Indonesian building contracts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Williams, G A (1992) Contract as organisation: an economic analysis of the Joint Contracts Tribunal's Standard Form of Building contract 1980, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Law, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.